Study of thermo-fluidic characteristics for geometric-anisotropy Kagome truss-cored lattice

The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive comparison of the thermal insulation and heat transfer performance for Kagome truss-cored lattice along two perpendicular orientations OA and OB. Three test conditions are conducted under forced air convection for the titanium sandwich panel fabricated by 3 D printing technology. The thermo-fluidic characteristics are further explored by numerical simulation to reveal the underlying mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement.The results indicate that the orientation OB exhibits better thermal insulation than orientation OA under the identical temperature loading, while the latter outperforms the former by up to 20% higher overall heat transfer performance. In particular, the endwalls and lattice core in orientation OA achieve 9.7% and 22.5% higher area-averaged Nusselt number respectively than that in orientation OB for a given Reynolds number. The heat transfer superiority of orientation OA comes from the unique topology which induces the large scale spiral primary flows, facilitating the heat exchange between the cooling air and the surfaces of sandwich panel. However, the complex flow mixing leads to a maximum of 20% higher friction factor in orientation OA than that in orientation OB.     

GEO长寿命卫星热管在轨等温性能分析

热管是GEO长寿命卫星热控设计大量使用的重要传热元件，其在轨等温传热性能是影响卫星安全可靠工作的关键因素。针对中国在轨长期稳定运行的GEO长寿命卫星热管，基于热管在轨温度遥测数据，采用数理统计方法分析热管在轨等温性能随时间的实际变化规律，分析表明：GEO长寿命卫星热管在轨等温性能稳定性良好，等温性受热管自身温度水平影响较大，年周期内呈现季节性变化，全寿命周期内随飞行时间推移呈现性能衰减下降趋势，寿命末期等温性优于1.6℃，并从热管设计、热负荷大小与分布、使用环境等方面进行等温性改进分析及应用建议。     

Comparative analysis of four different single-frequency PPP models on positioning performance and atmosphere delay retrieval

Single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) has attracted increasing attention due to its high precision and cost effectiveness. With various strategies to handle the dominant error, i.e., ionosphere delay, the ionosphere-float (IF), ionosphere-free-half (IFH), ionosphere-corrected (IC), and ionosphere-weighted (IW) SF-PPP models are certain to possess different characteristics and performance levels. This study is dedicated to assessing and comparing the four models from model characteristics, positioning performance, and atmosphere delay retrieval. The model comparison shows that IC and IW models are full-rank while IF and IFH models have a rank deficiency of size one that will result in biased estimations, which means the better solvability of IC and IW models. The experiments are carried out based on the 7-day Global Positioning System (GPS) observations collected at 57 global Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations and Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) products. The results indicate that the IW model can accelerate SF-PPP convergence and achieve higher positioning accuracy compared to the other three SF-PPP models, especially in kinematic mode. With convergence criteria of 0.25 m in horizontal and 0.5 m in vertical, the east/north/up convergence times of IW model are 0.5/15.0/25.0 min and 0.5/16.0/36.5 min for static and kinematic modes, respectively. The IW model is able to achieve an instantaneous positioning accuracy of 0.28/0.35/0.75 m. In addition, a real kinematic test also demonstrates the best positioning solutions of IW model. Regarding troposphere delay retrieval, the IF, IFH, and IW models obtain a comparable daily accuracy of 3.0 cm on average, while the IC model achieves the worst accuracy of 8.0 cm. For precise ionosphere delay estimation, IW model only needs an average initialization time of 34.3 min, but a longer initialization time of 51.6 min is required for IF model. The daily precision of ionosphere delay estimation for IW model can reach up to 10.8 cm. At the present accuracy of GIM products, it is suggested that the IW model should be adopted for SF-PPP first due to its superior performance in positioning and atmosphere delay retrieval.     

带三棱锥体群通道流动和传热特性的数值模拟

对带有三棱锥体群的涡轮叶片内部冷却通道进行了数值模拟,对比了三棱锥体群在迎风和背风状态、顺排和交错排列以及不同横向列数、不同流向间距时冷却通道内部的流动和传热特性。结果表明:三棱锥体群所产生的纵向涡能够兼顾压损的降低与传热效果的改善;背风顺排状态放置的三棱锥体群具有最高的综合传热效率,较其他放置方案高出20%~30%;在背风顺排时,较优横向列数为5,流向间距比为4~6。     

全浓度梯度高镍正极材料的可控制备及性能

针对全浓度梯度高镍正极材料批次一致性控制问题,采用Ni、Co、Mn三种溶液单独配制,各自通过程序精确控制流量进入反应釜的新思路和梯度降温烧结方式,实现可控制备。制备的全浓度梯度LiNi_(0.82)Co_(0.08)Mn_(0.10)O_2的0.1 C放电比容量为210.9 mAh/g,制作成的18650电池比能量为240 Wh/kg和669 Wh/L,具有较好的大电流充放电能力,适用于-20～55℃,1 000次循环后容量保持率为85.2%。高镍正极材料的浓度梯度化设计,显著提高了材料表面结构的稳定性,与商业化的高镍正极材料相比,在循环性能、倍率和安全性能等方面都具有明显优势。     

采用二维贝叶斯方法求解旋转盘腔导热反问题

为了研究压气机旋转盘腔换热特性,实现准确求解转盘表面传热系数,引入二维贝叶斯方法,此方法采用先验分布优化测温误差,并且更加符合转盘的二维特性。通过加入噪声的模拟数据验证方法的可行性,结果表明无测温误差时方法的平均误差是3.2%,有测温误差时方法的平均误差是10.6%,并分析了误差来源。通过与已有实验结果对比,发现方法更适用于计算转盘迎风面与背风面传热差异较大时的表面传热系数,平均相对误差为9.6%,满足实际工程精度的要求。通过改变盘面温度测点数量,发现测点增加会提升计算精度,并采用统计抽样理论分析原因,发现在可接受误差为10%时,所需要的测点数量比较合理。     

返回舱/空间探测器热防护结构发展现状与趋势

针对中国天地往返和深空探测领域对热防护结构的需求，综述了国内外返回舱和空间探测器热防护材料/结构的发展现状，着重介绍了包括蜂窝增强热防护材料、纤维增强热防护材料、组合式热防护结构以及展开式热防护结构等在内的代表性热防护材料/结构的设计理念和性能特征。在系统总结热防护结构发展趋势的基础上，分析了返回舱和空间探测器热防护结构发展中存在的关键问题，可以看出：纤维增强热防护材料在热防护结构重量方面表现出了突出优势，材料拼接设计成为结构发展的重要阻碍；组合式热防护结构设计在现有材料发展水平的基础上，将成为提高热防护结构效率的有力途径；展开式热防护结构有望使航天器有效载荷重量显著提升，但受限于柔性热防护材料性能和结构工艺，仍有待发展。更加频繁的天地往返运输和深空探测项目的开展必将对热防护结构发展产生巨大的推动作用。     

盘式对转永磁风力发电机设计与分析

针对现有风力发电系统普遍存在的工作风速范围较窄、风能利用率较低等问题,设计了一种盘式双转子对转永磁风力发电机,双转子对转运行。在介绍该电机的结构与运行原理的基础上,推导了电机功率尺寸方程,给出了该电机的初步设计方法。利用有限元软件对电机进行了三维建模和动态仿真分析,得到其磁路特点和电磁性能,验证了所提设计方法的有效性。     

复杂微通道内对流传热的场协同及熵产

利用场协同和熵产原理研究了针肋宽度、凹穴宽度及雷诺数(Re)对凹穴和针肋组合式微通道内对流传热特性的影响,分析了微结构强化传热的本质原因,并对微通道的综合性能进行了评价。结果表明,增大针肋和凹穴宽度能够显著减小传热协同角,提高流场和温度场的协同程度,有利于强化对流传热,但局部漩涡会使流动协同角减小,增大微通道压降;增大针肋宽度能够提高能量利用效率,从而强化传热,但同时导致流动熵产率增大;适当增大凹穴宽度能够减小传热熵产率,但凹穴宽度过大会导致传热不可逆性和流动摩擦均增大;综合考虑泵功、相对针肋宽度和相对凹穴宽度,提出了预测热阻的经验关联式;当相对针肋宽度为0.2,相对凹穴宽度为2时,微通道的热阻最小,综合性能最好。      

基于NSGA II算法分布度改进的ATREX发动机性能优化方法研究

为使飞行轨迹上膨胀式空气涡轮冲压发动机(Air Turbo Ramjet Expander, ATREX)推力满足飞行器要求，同时比冲为对应推力下的最优值，基于改进分布度的NSGA II算法建立了以推力、比冲为优化目标的ATREX多目标优化模型。本文首先提出了基于个体优化目标间直线距离的筛选函数，改善了NSGA II算法优化结果的分布度；然后基于改进的NSGA II算法建立了ATREX性能多目标优化模型，获得了地面状态发动机推力、比冲最优解。在优化结果分布度接近前提下，与基于原NSGA II算法建立的ATREX性能多目标优化模型对比，基于改进NSGA II算法建立的优化模型所需初始种群个数及迭代时间均下降30%左右。